Jaroslav Hlava (7 May 1855 – 31 October 1924) was a Czech anatomical pathologist.[1]
In 1879 he graduated from the Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague. In 1887 he became a full professor of pathological anatomy. He was rector of Prague's General Hospital and director of the Czech Institute of Pathological Anatomy. He was a pioneer in bacteriology and studied the etiology of infectious diseases and oncology.
In 1887 Hlava authored a widely cited article entitled About Dysentery. Due to a translation error, the article was attributed to O. Uplavici in English publications until 1939.[2] The name of author was written in small characters, and the translator mistook O ÚPLAVICI (About dysentery in Czech) for the name of the author and PŘEDBĚŽNÁ ZPRÁVA (preliminary report) for About Dysentery. The mistake was corrected in 1939 by American physician Clifford Dobell, writing about the history of this mistake in the article "Dr. O. Uplavici (1887–1938)".[3]